Los micro/nanrobots de levadura utilizan un motor doble para autopropulsarse en entornos gastrointestinales intraluminales y extraluminales. Crédito: SIAT
Los micro/nanrobots con capacidades de navegación y autopropulsión han atraído una gran atención en la administración de fármacos y la terapia debido a su locomoción controlable en tejidos corporales de difícil acceso.
Sin embargo, el desarrollo de micro/nanorobots autoadaptativos capaces de ajustar sus mecanismos de conducción a través de múltiples barreras biológicas para llegar a lesiones distantes sigue siendo un desafío.
Recientemente, un equipo de investigación dirigido por el profesor Lintao Cai del Instituto de Tecnología Avanzada de Shenzhen (SIAT) de la Academia de Ciencias de China desarrolló un micro/nanrobot de levadura de biomotor dual (robot TBY) con autopropulsión y autoadaptación. habilidades que pueden navegar de forma autónoma a sitios inflamados para proporcionar terapia para la inflamación gastrointestinal a través del cambio de enzimas y macrófagos (EMS).
Este estudio fue publicado el 22 de febrero en la revista 
EMS delivery of TBY-robots for long-distance transport across multiple biological barriers. Credit: SIAT
The researchers constructed the TBY-robot by asymmetrically immobilizing glucose oxidase and catalase onto the surface of anti-inflammatory nanoparticle-packaged yeast microcapsules. At a homogeneous glucose concentration, the Janus distribution of enzymes can catalyze the decomposition of glucose to generate a local glucose gradient that induces TBY-robot self-propelling motion.
In the presence of an enteral glucose gradient, the oral TBY-robots move toward the glucose gradient to penetrate the intestinal mucus barrier and then cross the intestinal epithelial barrier by microfold cell transcytosis. “We found that TBY-robots effectively penetrated the mucus barrier and notably enhanced their intestinal retention using a dual enzyme-driven engine moving toward the enteral glucose gradient,” said Prof. CAI.
After in situ switching to the macrophage bioengine in Peyer’s patches, the TBY-robots autonomously migrate to inflamed sites of the gastrointestinal tract through chemokine-guided macrophage relay delivery. “Encouragingly, TBY-robots increased drug accumulation at the diseased site by approximately 1000-fold, markedly attenuating inflammation and ameliorating disease pathology in mouse models of colitis and gastric ulcers,” said Prof. CAI.
This twin-bioengine delivery strategy is a sequence-driven process using EMS, with Peyer’s patches as transfer stations. This process can precisely transport therapeutics across multiple biological barriers to distant, deep-seated disease sites.
“The transport route is similar to that of the Express Mail Service, which precisely delivers parcels to a distant destination using different transportation facilities,” said Prof. CAI. These self-adaptive TBY-robots represent a safe and promising strategy for the precision treatment of gastrointestinal inflammation and other inflammatory diseases.
Reference: “Twin-bioengine self-adaptive micro/nanorobots using enzyme actuation and macrophage relay for gastrointestinal inflammation therapy” by Baozhen Zhang, Hong Pan, Ze Chen, Ting Yin, Mingbin Zheng and Lintao Cai, 22 February 2023, Science Advances.
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adc8978
